Abstracts:Low-magnitude current-output sensors (LCS), which operate in the sub-microampere range, are widely used in scientific fields such as biomedical instrumentation, semiconductor development, space-weather studies, and plasma research. Plasma Diagnostic Probes (PDPs), a type of LCS, play a crucial role in studying plasma composition and characteristics. In space applications, they are used to investigate planetary ionospheres, solar flares, and space plasma environments. Additionally, PDPs are used to analyze plasma emissions from electric thrusters in spacecraft [1], where they are strategically placed at critical locations. Beyond space research, PDPs are also employed in the analysis of laboratory-generated plasmas, such as those produced by lasers.

Abstracts:Tremor is characterized as an oscillatory, rhythmic and involuntary movement of a body component [1] and is among the most prevalent disorders among the adult population [2]. Tremors are one of the most crippling signs of Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurological illness that is characterized by a range of motor and non-motor functions. Although tremor is not a life-threatening condition, it can cause social discomfort, dependence and functional impairment. Over 65% of the people with upper limb tremor experience significant challenges carrying out activities of daily living. As per the recent research, individuals over 65 years who experience essential tremors account for up to 5% of the population, while those who experience Parkinson tremors account for up to 1%. Extremely high tremor intensities frequently result in complete impairment for the afflicted individual [3].

Abstracts:Did you know that chronic respiratory diseases affect more than 400 million people worldwide? This number significantly increased amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Many individuals with respiratory issues are often unaware of their condition until it has progressed to a critical stage. Respiratory disorders are considerably difficult to diagnose directly, as most diagnoses rely on indirect measurements, such as the estimation of lung volumes. Over the years, various instrumentation techniques have been developed to assess lung function. Measurement started with traditional spirometry and has now extended to modern technologies that utilize the power of the Internet of Things (IoT) and telemetry.

Abstracts:Smart cities signify urban spaces that use Artificial Intelligence (AI), Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and the Internet of Things (IoT) to create sustainable, efficient, and safe environments for residents. Smart cities integrate cloud computing, sensors, edge computing, and data science to enable real-time data exchange and enhance decision-making for city management. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC), global investment in smart city initiatives is projected to reach $135 billion by 2026 [1]. This projection is based on the increasing demand for innovative technologies to enhance urban living conditions, especially in the post-COVID-19 era. This article explores the latest impactful IoT technologies in smart cities, their applications across various sectors, and their existing challenges.

Abstracts:With heartfelt gratitude to the authors and readers, we are pleased to present the supplementary issue of I&M Around the World: India. Continuing the philosophy adopted in the previous issue, this edition keeps on exploring diverse aspects of instrumentation and measurement (I&M) research in India, including methods, hardware, software, and technologies related to measurement, detection, tracking, monitoring, characterization, identification, estimation’ diagnosis of physical phenomena, as well as topics in metrology, measurement theory, uncertainty, and calibration. This supplementary issue features four important submissions that could not be finalized in time for the previous issue.