Abstracts:Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.

Abstracts:Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.

Abstracts:Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.

Abstracts:In an era where IP-based networks and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and software are prevalent in manufacturing and process industries, the threat of cyberattacks is on the rise. This article underscores the criticality of this issue and advocates for a proactive approach to cybersecurity, where industry best practices are integrated into every new and existing system. Cybersecurity incidents present an increased risk to business, manufacturing processes, and safety. As a result, companies have begun requiring that products and systems used on the production floor comply with industry operational technology (OT) cybersecurity codes and standards. However, individual devices and subsystems, modern and legacy, must unite in an all-inclusive network ecosystem. Therefore, each company must develop cybersecurity strategies that align with industry best practices and standards, as well as the company’s risk tolerance level. This article will focus on key cybersecurity strategies and take a comprehensive approach to implementation, including people, processes, and technology.

Abstracts:Deaths caused by lightning are infrequent compared with other accidents of electrical origin (fires and electric shocks at industrial frequencies of 50/60 Hz). Deaths from lightning strikes inside buildings are even rarer. However, in Brazil, the global leader in the number of lightning strikes, there has been an increase in cases of electric shock caused by lightning, particularly involving victims using electronic devices (smartphones). This study, therefore, presents an analysis of 12 cases of death caused by lightning, with victims using a smartphone connected to the mains at the time of the accident. Subsequently, a simulation is presented, built on the analysis of the five reported fatalities. The victim was subjected to a typical lightning current (directly striking an electricity distribution line). The victim was using a recharging smartphone directly connected to the socket. A high-frequency human body model was used via the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) software. Based on the results of this study, there is an indication that damage to internal tissues can occur due to the circulation of an intense electric current, which can cause the death of victims. It is, therefore, recommended not to touch electronic devices connected to the mains during thunderstorms. Additionally, we evaluate the impact of surge protective devices (SPDs) in these situations, concluding that SPDs can significantly enhance survival chances for victims. The total charge decreases to approximately 25% with SPDs, and the total energy decreases by approximately 8%.

Abstracts:Synchronous and asynchronous Motor Technologies dedicated to high speed make it possible to offer high-power variable-speed compression services without using gearboxes. The mechanical integration of these motors requires special precautions because of the wide speed variation ranges required. The first part of this article explains the mechanical integration rules described in the American Petroleum Institute (API) 541 and 546 standards, which are the most restrictive in the world, and rotating machine signatures of vibrations in case of mechanical looseness. The main linear and nonlinear dynamic mechanisms related to electrical machines are also explained. The second part of the article describes four returns of experience on 15 MW and 20 MW at 3,600 rpm starter-helper variable speed induction motors fed by a voltage source inverter (VSI) and full electric liquified natural gas (LNG) compression trains driven by 75 MW at 3,000 rpm synchronous motors fed by a load commutated inverter (LCI), including the availability and repairability of the rotating exciter-rectifier device. A special focus is made on one return of experience that occurred during on-site commissioning due to vibration instability of a 15-MW two-pole starter-helper induction motor, explaining the mechanism that led to this instability. The last part of this article proposes the recommendations to be followed for synchronous or induction two-pole motors by manufacturer, original equipment manufacturer (OEM), the Engineering-Procurement-Construction Company (EPC), and user-end in terms of modeling, design, and testing for successful mechanical integration and high availability. See “Nomenclature” for a list of terms and symbols used in this article.

Abstracts:Experience and lessons learned in the development and implementation of a motors condition assessment methodology is shared for all to consider within their facilities. Having a huge fleet of new and aging assets, the management of these assets becomes ever more critical. Accordingly, to ensure operational reliability and continuity, and to assure the continued cost-effectiveness of existing assets, a methodology had to be developed to manage the assets, extend their life, and timely plan for their replacement prior to failure. Accordingly, a criterion was developed to initially prioritize the large number of critical motors for assessment and identify their applicability. Afterward, the motor assessment relied on the use of existing motor operational data, complemented with offline testing data identified from international procedures and best practices. Based on the identified data results, a scoring system was established to determine the motor condition. The electric motor management program is contributing to minimizing motor failures, while deferring capital expenditures in replacements, by relying on cost-effective testing and overhauling practices as opposed to equipment failures and unplanned operational interruptions. Relating to the circular economy concept, such practices will extend the economic life of the electrical motors, while maintaining the required operational safety and availability.