Biopolymers such as proteins and nucleic acids can be labeled with a fluorescent marker to allow for their detection. Covalent labeling is achieved by the reaction of an appropriately functionalized dye marker with a reactive group on a biomolecule. The recent trend, however, is the use of noncovalent labeling that results from strong hydrophobic and/or ionic interactions between the marker and biomolecule of interest. The main advantage of noncovalent labeling is that it affects the functional activity of the biomolecule to a lesser extent. The applications of luminescent cyanine and squarylium dyes are reviewed.

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biomolecule of luminescent cyanine fluorescent marker reactive dye noncovalent labeling hydrophobic andor ionic squarylium dyes

Gabor Patonay,Lucjan Strekowski,John Sowell,Jozef Salon,.Noncovalent Labeling of Biomolecules with Red and Near- Infrared Dyes. 9 (3),.

Gabor Patonay,Lucjan Strekowski,John Sowell,Jozef Salon,"Noncovalent Labeling of Biomolecules with Red and Near- Infrared Dyes" 9

Gabor Patonay,Lucjan Strekowski,John Sowell,Jozef Salon,"Noncovalent Labeling of Biomolecules with Red and Near- Infrared Dyes"