A high level of automation is desirable to facilitate the lab-to-fab process transfer of the emerging perovskite-based solar technology. Here, an automated aerosol-jet printing technique is introduced for precisely controlling the thin-film perovskite growth in a planar heterojunction p–i–n solar cell device structure. The roles of some of the user defined parameters from a computer-aided design file are studied for the reproducible fabrication of pure CH3NH3PbI3 thin films under near ambient conditions. Preliminary power conversion efficiencies up to 15.4% are achieved when such films are incorporated in a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate-perovskite-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester type device format. It is further shown that the deposition of atomized materials in the form of a gaseous mist helps to form a highly uniform and PbI2 residue-free CH3NH3PbI3 film and offers advantages over the conventional two-step solution approach by avoiding the detrimental solid–liquid interface induced perovskite crystallization. Ultimately, by integrating full 3D motion control, the fabrication of perovskite layers directly on a 3D curved surface becomes possible. This work suggests that 3D automation with aerosol-jet printing, once fully optimized, could form a universal platform for the lab-to-fab process transfer of solution-based perovskite photovoltaics and steer development of new design strategies for numerous embedded structural power applications. Aerosol-jet printing is applied to mitigate defects during hybrid perovskite thin film growth in an all-low temperature, solution-processing scheme. The high level of automation in the printing process also enables direct write of perovskite semiconductors on a curved surface for photovoltaic device applications. This method could find use in fabricating embedded power components.

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labtofab process transfer of solutionbased perovskite photovoltaics and photovoltaic device near ambient reproducible fabrication atomized pbi2 residuefree ch3nh3pbi3 film twostep solution approach ch3nh3pbi3 thin films poly34ethylenedioxythiophenepolystyrene sulfonateperovskitephenylc71butyric acid methyl ester type device fabricating embedded power components write conversion efficiencies automated aerosoljet printing technique detrimental solidliquid interface induced perovskite crystallization perovskitebased solar technology full 3d motion 3d curved surface planar heterojunction pin solar cell device defects computeraided design file perovskite semiconductors alllow temperature solutionprocessing hybrid perovskite thin film growth

James R. Deneault, Michael F. Durstock,Santanu Bag,.Aerosol-Jet-Assisted Thin-Film Growth of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites—A Means to Achieve High Quality, Defect-Free Films for Efficient Solar Cells. 7 (16),.

James R. Deneault, Michael F. Durstock,Santanu Bag,"Aerosol-Jet-Assisted Thin-Film Growth of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites—A Means to Achieve High Quality, Defect-Free Films for Efficient Solar Cells" 7

James R. Deneault, Michael F. Durstock,Santanu Bag,"Aerosol-Jet-Assisted Thin-Film Growth of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskites—A Means to Achieve High Quality, Defect-Free Films for Efficient Solar Cells"